This is the conversation with Douglas Futuyma, a Professor Emeritus at Stony Brook university, New York. His research has explored two of the evolutionary processes that have generated the extraordinary diversity of organisms: Speciation and Ecological divergence. Here we discuss about what is evolution, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, Work of Gregor Mendel, Neo-Darwinism, How do birds evolve, What is speciation and The effect of anthropogenic climate change on evolution.